Comparing E330 - Citric acid vs E381 - ferric ammonium citrate
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Popular questions
Is citric acid bad for you?
At typical food levels, citric acid (E330) is considered safe by major regulators (GRAS; EFSA/JECFA). Concentrated or frequent acidic exposure can irritate the mouth/stomach or contribute to tooth enamel erosion.
Where does the citric acid cycle occur?
In eukaryotic cells it occurs in the mitochondrial matrix; in bacteria it occurs in the cytosol.
What does citric acid do to your body?
It is a normal intermediate in energy metabolism and is readily metabolized to carbon dioxide and water. Citrate can bind minerals, which may enhance absorption of some and help prevent certain kidney stones by increasing urinary citrate.
Where does citric acid come from?
It occurs naturally in citrus fruits, but most food-grade citric acid is produced by fermenting sugars (e.g., from corn, beet, or cane) with Aspergillus niger.
How is citric acid made?
Industrially, sugars are fermented with Aspergillus niger to produce citric acid, then it is recovered and purified—often by precipitating calcium citrate and converting it back with sulfuric acid or via ion-exchange/crystallization.
Ferric ammonium citrate green rock hard, how to reconstitute?
It cakes but remains highly water‑soluble: break up the mass and dissolve in distilled/deionized water with stirring; gentle warming (up to ~40–50°C) can help, then filter if needed and store airtight with a desiccant to prevent re‑hardening.
Ferric ammonium citrate rock hard, how to reconstitute?
Crush to increase surface area and dissolve in deionized water under vigorous stirring; mild heat aids dissolution—avoid boiling—and store the solid or solution tightly sealed to limit moisture cycling and caking.
Ferric ammonium citrate what is?
A synthetic, water‑soluble iron(III) complex of citrate with ammonium (E381), used in foods where permitted mainly as an iron fortificant and acidity regulator.
How cells uptake ferric ammonium citrate?
In cell culture it provides non‑transferrin‑bound Fe3+ that is reduced at the membrane and transported primarily via DMT1 as Fe2+; uptake can vary by cell type and conditions.
How is ferric ammonium citrate?
It is a very water‑soluble green or brown solid used in foods (E381) where allowed as an iron source and acidity regulator; typical use levels follow good manufacturing practice and applicable regulations.